HDMI problem of the TX2

Hello, everyone. We are trying to design a customized mother-board for the TX2 module. A PCIe switch was deployed on this mother-board. We firstly used the L4T R27.1. But the Linux system cannot correctly recognize the PCIe switch. Thus, we upgraded it to L4T R28.1. The Linux system could correctly configure the driver of the PCIe switch. However, the desktop environment cannot launch normally. The debug UART port show that:

tegradc 15210000.nvdisplay: sanitize_flip_args: WIN 3 invalid size:w=0,h=0,out_w=0,out_h=0

The HDMI circuit of the customized mother-board was as same as that of the devkit. And the desktop environment could launch normally when using L4T R27.1 and the customized mother-board.
Referring to “Can not open USB when flashing TX2 board - Jetson TX2 - NVIDIA Developer Forums”, it seems as if X11 has somehow missed the window info to kernel. Maybe we should modify some configuration files of JetPack .1.
We also tried to upgrade the system to L4T R28.2. Unfortunately, it did not work.
Could you give us some advice? Thank you very much!

Hi,
Not sure why PCIe switch may related with HDMI.
As you mention your carrier board HDMI circuit same as devkit, could you attach your schematic of HDMI and PCIe switch part? That will help understand what’t the difference with devkit, thanks.

Hi Jim:

The only difference is HDMI power control EN signal ,U502 on standard Nvidia carrier board, the default control is 5V0_HDMI_EN, We use VDD_3V3_SLP, it’s confirmed OK in other topics on Nvidia Tx2 Forum. We have tested this circuit under R27.1, it works well. HDMI has no display output after updated to R28.1.
Is it controlled by I2C on standard Nvidia carrier board? And how to fix it if we control the hdmi power with VDD_3V3_SP directly. Thanks.
And normally,it’s controlled by 5V directly on other arm platform or x86 platfrom. Thanks.

Hi 18610293117,

Please try to add this line in Xorg.conf

Option      "TegraReserveDisplayBandwidth" "false"

@WayneWWW Thank you, WayneWWW. We has tried to add this line in /etc/X11/xorg.conf. It do works. The HDMI monitor shows the tegra-ubuntu tty1 console. But the desktop environment does not launch. Then, we tries to run “startx”. However, the desktop environment fails to launch and the console returns:

X.Org X Server 1.18.4
Release Date: 2016-07-19
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
Build Operating System: Linux 4.4.0-97-generic aarch64 Ubuntu
Current Operating System: Linux tegra-ubuntu 4.4.38-tegra #1 SMP PREEMPT Thu Jul 20 00:49:07 PDT 2017 aarch64
Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rw rootwait console=ttyS0,115200n8 console=tty0 OS=l4t fbcon=map:0 net.ifnames=0 memtype=0 video=tegrafb no_console_suspend=1 earlycon=uart8250,mmio32,0x03100000 nvdumper_reserved=0x2772e0000 gpt tegraid=18.1.2.0.0 tegra_keep_boot_clocks maxcpus=6 androidboot.serialno=0322317112868 bl_prof_dataptr=0x10000@0x277240000 sdhci_tegra.en_boot_part_access=1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rw rootwait rootfstype=ext4
Build Date: 13 October 2017  01:58:44PM
xorg-server 2:1.18.4-0ubuntu0.7 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support) 
Current version of pixman: 0.33.6
        Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
        to make sure that you have the latest version.
Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
        (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
        (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
(==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Thu Dec 14 08:00:36 2017
(==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"
(==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
Parse error on line 23 of section Device in file /etc/X11/xorg.conf
        "Option" is not a valid keyword in this section.
(EE) 
(EE) Backtrace:
(EE) 0: /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg (xorg_backtrace+0x58) [0x555e4b3848]
(EE) 
(EE) Segmentation fault at address 0xd4dffe9060
(EE) 
Fatal server error:
(EE) Caught signal 11 (Segmentation fault). Server aborting
(EE) 
(EE) 
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support 
         at http://wiki.x.org
 for help. 
(EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
(EE) 
(EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.

waiting for X server to begin accepting connections .

Hi hitter,

May I ask how your xorg.conf looks like?

@WayneWWW Hello. We just use the default xorg.conf file:

# Copyright (c) 2011-2013 NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All Rights Reserved.

#
# This is the minimal configuration necessary to use the Tegra driver.
# Please refer to the xorg.conf man page for more configuration
# options provided by the X server, including display-related options
# provided by RandR 1.2 and higher.

# Disable extensions not useful on Tegra.
Section "Module"
    Disable     "dri"
    SubSection  "extmod"
        Option  "omit xfree86-dga"
    EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Tegra0"
    Driver      "nvidia"
# Allow X server to be started even if no display devices are connected.
    Option      "AllowEmptyInitialConfiguration" "true"
EndSection
Option "TegraReserveDisplayBandwidth" "false"

Hi, we encounter the same problem! We use an oscilloscope to catch the HDMI signal and found that the signal was same as devkit signal. We try a lot of method to sovle this problem but not take any effect! We receive the right EDID and can display tty1 console ,but can’t show the GUI desktop, sometimes we can see a mouse pointer!

@hitter I think you should change your file like this:

Section "Module"
    Disable     "dri"
    SubSection  "extmod"
        Option  "omit xfree86-dga"
    EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Tegra0"
    Driver      "nvidia"
# Allow X server to be started even if no display devices are connected.
    Option      "AllowEmptyInitialConfiguration" "true"
    Option "TegraReserveDisplayBandwidth" "false"

EndSection

Tommorow I will try this method! Good Luck!

@Richardzhr I have tried to modify the xorg.conf file as you mentioned. But it did not work. I can see the mouse point in a few seconds. Then the mouse point disappeared. Neither the tty1 console nor the desktop environment launched normally using this xorg.conf.

Hi hitter,

Please attach a log.

In fact, as you pointed out in the first comment, following topic is resolved by that user because of some hw issue on his carrier board.

That is why I doubt there might be some problem in customized carrier board. Also, we seldom see this bug on devkit…

Hi WayneWWW.
The boot-up information of our customized carrier board is as follows:
[url]https://drive.google.com/open?id=19du29zV1rQoWgD3fqCfJ1hpDRQ96m29e[/url]
The schematic of the HDMI circuit of our customized carrier board is as follows:
[url]https://drive.google.com/open?id=1k6Uh_CmVa6ELXsSvqKU2MjfWBVu817Q1[/url]
We encountered a few confusing problems when testing the customized carrier board. Actually, I did not think the PCIe bridge had the relationship with the HDMI problem. The HDMI port worked normally when using the R27.1. But R27.1 did not normally recognize and configure the PCIe bridge. The PCIe problem was solved by updating the system from R27.1 to R28. However, the HDMI and USB did not work normally when using the customized board and R28.1.

I see following

3.171262 __tegra_isomgr_register(): client=disp_0, iso dedi bw=0KB
3.171264 __tegra_isomgr_register(): client=disp_1, iso dedi bw=0KB
3.171266 __tegra_isomgr_register(): client=disp_2, iso dedi bw=0KB
3.171269 __tegra_isomgr_register(): client=isp_a, iso dedi bw=0KB

Could you also share the Xorg log?

Hi, WayneWWW. I revised the post. And you can download the whole boot-up information and the schematic diagram now.
The Xorg log is as follows:

17.773 
X.Org X Server 1.18.4
Release Date: 2016-07-19
17.773 X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
17.773 Build Operating System: Linux 4.4.0-97-generic aarch64 Ubuntu
17.773 Current Operating System: Linux tegra-ubuntu 4.4.38-tegra #1 SMP PREEMPT Thu Jul 20 00:49:07 PDT 2017 aarch64
17.773 Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rw rootwait console=ttyS0,115200n8 console=tty0 OS=l4t fbcon=map:0 net.ifnames=0 memtype=0 video=tegrafb no_console_suspend=1 earlycon=uart8250,mmio32,0x03100000 nvdumper_reserved=0x2772e0000 gpt tegraid=18.1.2.0.0 tegra_keep_boot_clocks maxcpus=6 androidboot.serialno=0322317112868 bl_prof_dataptr=0x10000@0x277240000 sdhci_tegra.en_boot_part_access=1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rw rootwait rootfstype=ext4
17.774 Build Date: 13 October 2017  01:58:44PM
17.774 xorg-server 2:1.18.4-0ubuntu0.7 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support) 
17.774 Current version of pixman: 0.33.6
17.774    Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
        to make sure that you have the latest version.
17.774 Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
        (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
        (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
17.774 (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Fri Dec 15 02:53:49 2017
17.774 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"
17.775 (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
17.776 Parse error on line 23 of section Device in file /etc/X11/xorg.conf
        "Option" is not a valid keyword in this section.
17.776 (EE) 
17.776 (EE) Backtrace:
17.776 (EE) 0: /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg (xorg_backtrace+0x58) 0x5592067848
17.776 (EE) 
17.776 (EE) Segmentation fault at address 0xd51a67b060
17.777 (EE) 
Fatal server error:
17.777 (EE) Caught signal 11 (Segmentation fault). Server aborting
17.777 (EE) 
17.777 (EE) 
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support 
         at http://wiki.x.org
 for help. 
17.777 (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
17.777 (EE) 
17.777 (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.

How about hotplug? Plug the cable after system bootup.

Hi, WayneWWW. I have tried hotplug. There is no change. But I can see the mouse point after runing “startx”.
The Xorg.1.log is as follows:

160.392 
X.Org X Server 1.18.4
Release Date: 2016-07-19
   160.393 X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
   160.393 Build Operating System: Linux 4.4.0-97-generic aarch64 Ubuntu
   160.393 Current Operating System: Linux tegra-ubuntu 4.4.38-tegra #1 SMP PREEMPT Thu Jul 20 00:49:07 PDT 2017 aarch64
   160.393 Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rw rootwait console=ttyS0,115200n8 console=tty0 OS=l4t fbcon=map:0 net.ifnames=0 memtype=0 video=tegrafb no_console_suspend=1 earlycon=uart8250,mmio32,0x03100000 nvdumper_reserved=0x2772e0000 gpt tegraid=18.1.2.0.0 tegra_keep_boot_clocks maxcpus=6 androidboot.serialno=0322317112868 bl_prof_dataptr=0x10000@0x277240000 sdhci_tegra.en_boot_part_access=1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rw rootwait rootfstype=ext4
   160.393 Build Date: 13 October 2017  01:58:44PM
   160.393 xorg-server 2:1.18.4-0ubuntu0.7 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support) 
   160.393 Current version of pixman: 0.33.6
   160.393    Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
        to make sure that you have the latest version.
   160.393 Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
        (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
        (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
   160.393 (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.1.log", Time: Fri Dec 15 06:33:59 2017
   160.394 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"
   160.394 (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
   160.395 (==) No Layout section.  Using the first Screen section.
   160.395 (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
   160.395 (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
   160.395 (**) |   |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"
   160.395 (==) No device specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
        Using the first device section listed.
   160.395 (**) |   |-->Device "Tegra0"
   160.395 (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
        Using a default monitor configuration.
   160.396 (==) Automatically adding devices
   160.396 (==) Automatically enabling devices
   160.396 (==) Automatically adding GPU devices
   160.396 (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff
   160.396 (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.
   160.396    Entry deleted from font path.
   160.396 (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/" does not exist.
   160.396    Entry deleted from font path.
   160.396 (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/" does not exist.
   160.396    Entry deleted from font path.
   160.396 (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi" does not exist.
   160.396    Entry deleted from font path.
   160.396 (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" does not exist.
   160.396    Entry deleted from font path.
   160.396 (==) FontPath set to:
        /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
        /usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
        built-ins
   160.396 (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/xorg/extra-modules,/usr/lib/xorg/extra-modules,/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
   160.396 (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.
        If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.
   160.396 (II) Loader magic: 0x556b6e3d80
   160.396 (II) Module ABI versions:
   160.396    X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
   160.396    X.Org Video Driver: 20.0
   160.396    X.Org XInput driver : 22.1
   160.396    X.Org Server Extension : 9.0
   160.399 (--) using VT number 2

   160.399 (II) systemd-logind: logind integration requires -keeptty and -keeptty was not provided, disabling logind integration
   160.402 (II) no primary bus or device found
   160.402 (WW) "dri" will not be loaded unless you've specified it to be loaded elsewhere.
   160.402 (II) "glx" will be loaded by default.
   160.402 (II) LoadModule: "extmod"
   160.402 (II) Module "extmod" already built-in
   160.402 (II) LoadModule: "glx"
   160.403 (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
   160.477 (II) Module glx: vendor="NVIDIA Corporation"
   160.477    compiled for 4.0.2, module version = 1.0.0
   160.477    Module class: X.Org Server Extension
   160.477 (II) NVIDIA GLX Module  28.1.0  Release Build  (integ_stage_rel)  (buildbrain@mobile-u64-553)  Thu Jul 20 00:50:32 PDT 2017
   160.478 (II) LoadModule: "nvidia"
   160.478 (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nvidia_drv.so
   160.483 (II) Module nvidia: vendor="NVIDIA Corporation"
   160.483    compiled for 4.0.2, module version = 1.0.0
   160.483    Module class: X.Org Video Driver
   160.483 (II) NVIDIA dlloader X Driver  28.1.0  Release Build  (integ_stage_rel)  (buildbrain@mobile-u64-553)  Thu Jul 20 00:51:56 PDT 2017
   160.484 (II) NVIDIA Unified Driver for all Supported NVIDIA GPUs
   162.725 (WW) Falling back to old probe method for NVIDIA
   162.726 (II) Loading sub module "fb"
   162.726 (II) LoadModule: "fb"
   162.727 (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfb.so
   162.728 (II) Module fb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
   162.728    compiled for 1.18.4, module version = 1.0.0
   162.728    ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4
   162.728 (II) Loading sub module "wfb"
   162.729 (II) LoadModule: "wfb"
   162.729 (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libwfb.so
   162.730 (II) Module wfb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
   162.730    compiled for 1.18.4, module version = 1.0.0
   162.730    ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4
   162.731 (II) Loading sub module "ramdac"
   162.731 (II) LoadModule: "ramdac"
   162.731 (II) Module "ramdac" already built-in
   162.733 (WW) VGA arbiter: cannot open kernel arbiter, no multi-card support
   162.734 (II) NVIDIA(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section
        "Default Screen Section" for depth/fbbpp 24/32
   162.734 (==) NVIDIA(0): Depth 24, (==) framebuffer bpp 32
   162.734 (==) NVIDIA(0): RGB weight 888
   162.734 (==) NVIDIA(0): Default visual is TrueColor
   162.734 (==) NVIDIA(0): Using gamma correction (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
   162.734 (**) NVIDIA(0): Option "AllowEmptyInitialConfiguration" "true"
   162.735 (**) NVIDIA(0): Enabling 2D acceleration
   162.738 (--) NVIDIA(0): Valid display device(s) on GPU-0 at SoC
   162.738 (--) NVIDIA(0):     DFP-0
   162.738 (II) NVIDIA(0): NVIDIA GPU NVIDIA Tegra X2 (nvgpu) (GP10B) at SoC (GPU-0)
   162.739 (--) NVIDIA(0): Memory: 8039128 kBytes
   162.739 (--) NVIDIA(0): VideoBIOS: 
   162.739 (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): CHI VGA DISPLAY (DFP-0): connected
   162.739 (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): CHI VGA DISPLAY (DFP-0): External TMDS
   162.740 (==) NVIDIA(0): 
   162.740 (==) NVIDIA(0): No modes were requested; the default mode "nvidia-auto-select"
   162.740 (==) NVIDIA(0):     will be used as the requested mode.
   162.741 (==) NVIDIA(0): 
   162.741 (II) NVIDIA(0): Validated MetaModes:
   162.741 (II) NVIDIA(0):     "DFP-0:nvidia-auto-select"
   162.741 (II) NVIDIA(0): Virtual screen size determined to be 1024 x 768
   162.744 (--) NVIDIA(0): DPI set to (29, 39); computed from "UseEdidDpi" X config
   162.744 (--) NVIDIA(0):     option
   162.744 (--) Depth 24 pixmap format is 32 bpp
   162.746 (II) NVIDIA: Reserving 49152.00 MB of virtual memory for indirect memory
   162.746 (II) NVIDIA:     access.
   162.754 (EE) NVIDIA(0): Failed to allocate NVIDIA Error Handler
   162.754 (II) NVIDIA(0): ACPI: failed to connect to the ACPI event daemon; the daemon
   162.754 (II) NVIDIA(0):     may not be running or the "AcpidSocketPath" X
   162.754 (II) NVIDIA(0):     configuration option may not be set correctly.  When the
   162.755 (II) NVIDIA(0):     ACPI event daemon is available, the NVIDIA X driver will
   162.755 (II) NVIDIA(0):     try to use it to receive ACPI event notifications.  For
   162.755 (II) NVIDIA(0):     details, please see the "ConnectToAcpid" and
   162.755 (II) NVIDIA(0):     "AcpidSocketPath" X configuration options in Appendix B: X
   162.755 (II) NVIDIA(0):     Config Options in the README.
   162.803 (II) NVIDIA(0): Setting mode "DFP-0:nvidia-auto-select"
   163.954 (EE) NVIDIA(0): Failed to set the display configuration.
   163.966 (==) NVIDIA(0): Disabling shared memory pixmaps
   163.966 (==) NVIDIA(0): Backing store enabled
   163.966 (==) NVIDIA(0): Silken mouse enabled
   164.000 (==) NVIDIA(0): DPMS enabled
   164.000 (WW) NVIDIA(0): Option "TegraReserveDisplayBandwidth" is not used
   164.001 (II) Loading sub module "dri2"
   164.001 (II) LoadModule: "dri2"
   164.001 (II) Module "dri2" already built-in
   164.001 (II) NVIDIA(0): DRI2 Setup complete
   164.001 (II) NVIDIA(0): DRI2   VDPAU driver: nvidia
   164.002 (--) RandR disabled
   164.032 (II) SELinux: Disabled on system
   164.035 (II) Initializing extension GLX
   164.036 (II) Indirect GLX disabled.
   164.144 (II) config/udev: Adding input device tegra-hda HDMI/DP,pcm=3 (/dev/input/event0)
   164.145 (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
   164.145 (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
   164.145 (II) config/udev: Adding input device tegra-hda HDMI/DP,pcm=7 (/dev/input/event1)
   164.146 (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
   164.146 (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
   164.146 (II) config/udev: Adding input device gpio-keys (/dev/input/event3)
   164.146 (**) gpio-keys: Applying InputClass "evdev keyboard catchall"
   164.146 (II) LoadModule: "evdev"
   164.147 (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/evdev_drv.so
   164.150 (II) Module evdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
   164.150    compiled for 1.18.1, module version = 2.10.1
   164.150    Module class: X.Org XInput Driver
   164.150    ABI class: X.Org XInput driver, version 22.1
   164.150 (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'gpio-keys'
   164.150 (**) gpio-keys: always reports core events
   164.150 (**) evdev: gpio-keys: Device: "/dev/input/event3"
   164.150 (--) evdev: gpio-keys: Vendor 0x1 Product 0x1
   164.151 (--) evdev: gpio-keys: Found keys
   164.151 (II) evdev: gpio-keys: Configuring as keyboard
   164.151 (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/gpio-keys/input/input3/event3"
   164.151 (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "gpio-keys" (type: KEYBOARD, id 6)
   164.151 (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev"
   164.151 (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"
   164.151 (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"
   164.153 (II) config/udev: Adding input device tegra-snd-t186ref-mobile-rt565x Headphone Jack (/dev/input/event2)
   164.153 (**) tegra-snd-t186ref-mobile-rt565x Headphone Jack: Applying InputClass "evdev keyboard catchall"
   164.153 (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'tegra-snd-t186ref-mobile-rt565x Headphone Jack'
   164.153 (**) tegra-snd-t186ref-mobile-rt565x Headphone Jack: always reports core events
   164.153 (**) evdev: tegra-snd-t186ref-mobile-rt565x Headphone Jack: Device: "/dev/input/event2"
   164.153 (--) evdev: tegra-snd-t186ref-mobile-rt565x Headphone Jack: Vendor 0 Product 0
   164.153 (--) evdev: tegra-snd-t186ref-mobile-rt565x Headphone Jack: Found keys
   164.153 (II) evdev: tegra-snd-t186ref-mobile-rt565x Headphone Jack: Configuring as keyboard
   164.153 (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/sound/sound/card1/input2/event2"
   164.153 (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "tegra-snd-t186ref-mobile-rt565x Headphone Jack" (type: KEYBOARD, id 7)
   164.153 (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev"
   164.153 (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"
   164.153 (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"

Just quoting this so others can see it (for whatever reason it does not show up otherwise).

Thank you, linuxdev. There may be something wrong with the forum. It seems that others cannot see my post.

It is showing up now.

hi WayneWWW, JimWang,linuxdev:

the xorg log is shown as above. pls help give some advice, thanks.
after updated to R28.1, the HDMI has no display output. thanks.