cuda kernels from different process can run concurrently? same performance with MPS on and off?

Accelerated Computing CUDA CUDA Programming and Performance
1

Recently I was testing the mps feature of cuda.I intended to compare the outputs of my code with mps on and off.

__global__ void delay_kernel(unsigned seconds){

  unsigned long long dt = clock64();
  while (clock64() < (dt + (seconds*APPRX_CLKS_PER_SEC)));
}

unsigned long long difft = dtime_usec(0);
  delay_kernel<<<1,1>>>(delay_t);
  cudaDeviceSynchronize();
  cudaCheckErrors("kernel fail");
  difft = dtime_usec(difft);
  printf("kernel duration: %fs\n", difft/(float)USECPSEC);

I launched 5 processes to run this code, and got the following output with MPS off
kernel duration: 4,82131
kernel duration: 4,84256
kernel duration: 4,85792
kernel duration: 4,86543
kernel duration: 4,87329

Then i run the code with MPS on:
kernel duration: 4,75438
kernel duration: 4,74632
kernel duration: 4,72964
kernel duration: 4,78427
kernel duration: 4,75322

I wonder why the kernels can be executed concurrently with MPS off. Shouldn’t the kernels from different context be executed sequentially?

2

any comments?

3

Your output doesn’t conclusively indicate that the kernels are executing concurrently (in either case). If the processes fully serialize, you would get this output. Would need a lot more info. And maybe you haven’t shut off MPS correctly.

Based on the naming of your variables and functions, it looks like you’ve already looked at the article here:

[url]gpu - How do I use Nvidia Multi-process Service (MPS) to run multiple non-MPI CUDA applications? - Stack Overflow

or here:

[url]https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/887822/fail-to-launch-cuda-mps/[/url]

Would need approximately that level of information to discover what is happening. To confirm kernel concurrency, you could use the nvprof profile all processes capability:

[url]Profiler :: CUDA Toolkit Documentation

4

hi txbob
I solved my problem. Because I use time limitation to limit my kernel’s running time, with time-sliced scheduler, all my kernels will reach the time limitation at almost the same time, therefore they will all last 5 seconds.

But if i change the kernels to run a certain number of loops(make sure the loop will last 5 seconds), then 5 kernels will all last 25 seconds, because of time-sliced scheduler. If I turned on mps, all kernels will run concurrently, and will all stop running after 5 seconds.

5

So you’re running this in a virtual graphics setup (i.e. GRID) ?

6

No, I tested my code on my personal gtx 1080. I found that when gpu is set to DEFAULT compute mode, different processes can access gpu at the same time with a time-sliced scheduler. Therefore, I cannot use clock() function to limit my kernels running time in this case.

7

.

8

why?
In my previous code, I use a empty while loop, with condition:

clock()-start_time<delay

then 5 kernels will stop at the same time after approximately “delay” seconds, on matter the MPS is turned on or off.

But if I change the loop condition to:

(loop_count<MAX_COUNT)

In this case, with MPS turned off, 5 kernels will all last “KERNEL_TIME * 5” seconds. But with MPS turned on, all kernels will only last “KERNEL_TIME” seconds.

So that’s why I think the time-sliced scheduler is the reason.

9

I stand corrected.

Yes, I would agree with you here, at least under CUDA 9.1 the behavior seems to have changed on Pascal and Volta. If you run your test case on a pre-Pascal GPU, I think you’ll still find behavior similar to what is reported here:

[url]gpu - How do I use Nvidia Multi-process Service (MPS) to run multiple non-MPI CUDA applications? - Stack Overflow

specifically referring to the different execution times for one instance vs. the other in the non-MPS case.

However if you run that same test case on a Pascal (or Volta) GPU, the kernels are running “concurrently”. To be more specific:

  • on pre-pascal GPUs, the scheduler (context switcher) is only switching from one GPU context to another at kernel execution boundaries
  • on pascal or newer GPUs, the scheduler is switching during kernel execution (ie. time-slicing, also referred to as preemption).

Sorry for the misinformation (I’ve removed some of my comments above) and thanks for pointing this out.

10

thanks for your help~ I understand the underlying scheduler much more better